Click Capture forward Again Does the Broadcast Pdu Ever Forward on to Router2 or Router3 Why

P Package T Tracer

P Packet T Tracer

Packet Tracer - Navigating the IOS

Topology

Objectives Office i: Basic Connections, Accessing the CLI and Exploring Help Part 2: Exploring EXEC Modes Role 3: Setting the Clock

Background In this activity, you volition practice skills necessary for navigating the Cisco IOS, including different user access modes, various configuration modes, and common commands you use on a regular basis. You lot as well practice accessing the context-sensitive Assistance by configuring the clock control.

Part 1: Basic Connections, Accessing the CLI and Exploring Help In Part 1 of this activity, you lot connect a PC to a switch using a console connection and explore various command modes and Aid features.

Step one: Connect PC1 to S1 uses a console cable. a. Click the Connections icon (the one that looks like a lightning bolt) in the lower left corner of the Packet Tracer window. b. Select the low-cal blue Console cable by clicking information technology. The mouse arrow will change to what appears to exist a connector with a cable dangling off of information technology. c. Click PC1; a window displays an choice for an RS-232 connection. d. Elevate the other end of the panel connection to the S1 switch and click the switch to bring upwards the connectedness list. due east. Select the Console port to complete the connection.

Stride 2: Establish a terminal session with S1. a. Click PC1 and then select the Desktop tab. b. Click the Last awarding icon; verify that the Port Configuration default settings are correct. What is the setting for bits per second? c. Click OK.

d. The screen that appears may take several messages displayed. Somewhere on the display there should be a Press Render to go started! message. Press ENTER. What is the prompt displayed on the screen?

Footstep 3: Explore the IOS Help. a. The IOS can provide assistance for commands depending on the level being accessed. The prompt currently being displayed is chosen User EXEC and the device is waiting for a command. The virtually basic class of help is to type a question mark (?) at the prompt to brandish a listing of commands. S1> ? Which command begins with the alphabetic character 'C'? b. At the prompt, type t, followed by a question mark (?). S1> t? Which commands are displayed? c. At the prompt, type te, followed by a question mark (?). S1> te? Which commands are displayed? This type of assist is known every bit context-sensitive Help, providing more data equally the commands are expanded.

Part ii: Exploring EXEC Modes In Part 2 of this activity, you switch to privileged EXEC mode and issue additional commands.

Stride ane: Enter privileged EXEC mode. a. At the prompt, type the question mark (?). S1> ? What data is displayed that describes the enable command? b. Type en and press the Tab primal. S1> en What displays afterward pressing the Tab key? This is called control completion or tab completion. When part of a command is typed, the Tab cardinal can exist used to consummate the partial command. If the characters typed are plenty to make the command unique, as in the instance with the enable command, the remaining portion is displayed. What would happen if you were to type te at the prompt?

c. Enter the enable command and press ENTER. How does the prompt modify?

d. When prompted, type the question marking (?). S1# ?

Previously in that location was ane command that started with the letter 'C' in user EXEC mode. How many commands are displayed at present that privileged EXEC fashion is active? (Hint: you could type c? to list just the commands beginning with 'C'.)

Step two: Enter Global Configuration mode. a. I of the commands starting with the letter 'C' is configure when in Privileged EXEC mode. Blazon either the total command or enough of the command to make it unique forth with the key to issue the command and press . S1# configure What is the message that is displayed?

b. Press the central to have the default parameter enclosed in brackets [terminal]. How does the prompt change? c. This is called global configuration mode. This way will be explored farther in upcoming activities and labs. For now exit back to Privileged EXEC mode by typing end, get out or Ctrl-Z. S1(config)# leave S1# Office three: Setting the Clock

Step one: Use the clock command. a. Use the clock control to further explore Help and command syntax. Type show clock at the privileged EXEC prompt. S1# show clock What information is displayed? What is the year that is displayed?

b. Employ the context-sensitive Help and the clock control to fix the time on the switch to the current time. Enter the command clock and printing ENTER. S1# clock What information is displayed? c. The % Incomplete command bulletin is returned by the IOS indicating that the clock control needs further parameters. Whatsoever time more information is needed assist tin be provided by typing a infinite after the command and the question mark (?). S1# clock ? What information is displayed? d. Set the clock using the clock set command. Continue proceeding through the command one footstep at a time. S1# clock gear up ? What data is beingness requested? What would have been displayed if only the clock set command had been entered and no request for help was fabricated past using the question marking?

e. Based on the information requested past issuing the clock prepare ? command, enter a time of 3:00 p.yard. by using the 24-hour format of xv:00:00. Check to see if farther parameters are needed. S1# clock gear up 15:00:00 ? The output returns the request for more information: <1-31> 24-hour interval of the month Calendar month Month of the year f. Attempt to prepare the date to 01/31/2035 using the format requested. Information technology may be necessary to request boosted assistance using the context-sensitive Assistance to complete the process. When finished, issue the show clock command to display the clock setting. The resulting command output should display as: S1# show clock *15:0:4.869 UTC Tue Jan 31 2035 g. If you were not successful, effort the post-obit command to obtain the output higher up: S1# clock gear up fifteen:00:00 31 Jan 2035

Footstep two: Explore boosted command messages. a. The IOS provides various outputs for wrong or incomplete commands as experienced in before sections. Go on to utilise the clock command to explore additional letters that may be encountered equally you acquire to employ the IOS. b. Issue the following command and record the messages: S1# cl What information was returned? S1# clock What information was returned? S1# clock set 25:00:00 What information was returned?

S1# clock prepare 15:00:00 32 What information was returned?

Suggested Scoring Rubric

Question Possible Earned Activeness Section Location Points Points

Office 1: Basic Connections, Step 2a five Accessing the CLI and Exploring Help Step 2c 5 Step 3a 5 Pace 3b 5 Step 3c 5 Part 1 Full 25 Function 2: Exploring EXEC Pace 1a v Modes Footstep 1b 5 Step 1c v Stride 1d 5 Stride 2a 5 Step 2b 5 Role 2 Total thirty Part 3: Setting the Clock Step 1a 5 Stride 1b 5 Step 1c v Step 1d five Stride 2b 5 Part three Total 25 Packet Tracer Score 20 Total Score 100

Parcel Tracer - Identify MAC and IP Addressees

Topology

Objectives Office 1: Gather PDU Information Part 2: Reflection Questions

Background This activity is optimized for viewing PDUs. The devices are already configured. You will gather PDU information in simulation mode and reply a series of questions virtually the data y'all collect.

Part 1: Gather PDU Information Notation: Review the Reflection Questions in Part 2 before proceeding with Part 1. It volition requite you an idea of the types of information you will need to assemble.

Step one: Get together PDU information equally a packet travels from 172.16.31.two to 10.10.x.3. a. Click 172.xvi.31.2 and open the Command Prompt. b. Enter the ping 10.ten.10.three control. c. Switch to simulation manner and repeat the ping 10.ten.10.3 command. A PDU appears next to 172.16.31.ii. d. Click the PDU and notation the post-obit data from the Outbound PDU Layer tab: Destination MAC Address: 00D0:BA8E:741A Source MAC Address: 000C:85CC:1DA7 Source IP Accost: 172.16.31.ii Destination IP Address: 10.ten.10.three

At Device: Reckoner e. Click Capture / Frontwards to move the PDU to the next device. Gather the same data from Footstep 1d. Repeat this process until the PDU reaches its destination. Tape the PDU information yous gathered into a spreadsheet using a format like the tabular array shown below:

Example Spreadsheet Format

Test At Device Dest. MAC Src MAC Src IPv4 Dest IPv4

Ping from 172.sixteen.31.2 00D0:BA8E:741A 000C:85CC:1DA7 172.16.31.2 ten.10.10.three 172.16.31.2 to ten.10.10.three Hub ------Switch1 00D0:BA8E:741A 000C:85CC:1DA7 -- -- Router 0060:4706:572B 00D0:588C:2401 172.16.31.2 10.ten.10.3 Switch0 0060:4706:572B 00D0:588C:2401 -- -- Access Point ------10.10.10.iii 0060:4706:572B 00D0:588C:2401 172.xvi.31.2 10.10.10.3

Step two: Get together boosted PDU information from other pings. Repeat the process in Pace 1 and gather the data for the post-obit tests: Ping ten.ten.10.2 from 10.10.x.3. Ping 172.16.31.2 from 172.16.31.three. Ping 172.16.31.4 from 172.xvi.31.5. Ping 172.16.31.iv from 10.10.ten.2. Ping 172.16.31.3 from 10.10.10.two.

Role 2: Reflection Questions Reply the following questions regarding the captured data: ane. Were there dissimilar types of wires used to connect devices? two. Did the wires change the handling of the PDU in whatever way? three. Did the Hub lose any of the information given to it? 4. What does the Hub do with MAC addresses and IP addresses? five. Did the wireless Admission Bespeak do annihilation with the information given to it?

half dozen. Was whatever MAC or IP accost lost during the wireless transfer? 7. What was the highest OSI layer that the Hub and Access Bespeak used? 8. Did the Hub or Access Point e'er replicate a PDU that was rejected with a ruby "X"? 9. When examining the PDU Details tab, which MAC accost appeared outset, the source or the destination?

10. Why would the MAC addresses appear in this society?

eleven. Was there a design to the MAC addressing in the simulation? 12. Did the switches e'er replicate a PDU that was rejected with a red "10"? 13. Every time that the PDU was sent between the 10 network and the 172 network, in that location was a point where the MAC addresses suddenly changed. Where did that occur?

fourteen. Which device uses MAC addresses starting with 00D0? 15. To what devices did the other MAC addresses belong?

16. Did the sending and receiving IPv4 addresses switch in any of the PDUs? 17. If you follow the reply to a ping, sometimes called a pong, do the sending and receiving IPv4 addresses switch? 18. What is the pattern to the IPv4 addressing in this simulation?

19. Why do different IP networks need to be assigned to different ports of a router?

20. If this simulation was configured with IPv6 instead of IPv4, what would exist dissimilar?

Suggested Scoring Rubric There are 20 questions worth five points each for a possible score of 100.

Lab - Using IOS CLI with Switch MAC Address Tables

Topology

Addressing Table

Device Interface IP Accost Subnet Mask Default Gateway

R1 G0/1 192.168.1.one 255.255.255.00 N/A S1 VLAN i 192.168.ane.11 255.255.255.00 192.168.one.1 S2 VLAN 1 192.168.1.12 255.255.255.00 192.168.1.1 PC-A NIC 192.168.1.three 255.255.255.00 192.168.one.1 PC-B NIC 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.00 192.168.1.1

Objectives Office 1: Build and Configure the Network Cablevision the network according to the topology diagram. Configure the network devices co-ordinate to the Addressing Table. Part 2: Examine the Switch MAC Address Table Use prove commands to discover the process of building tthe switch MAC address table.

Background / Scenario The purpose of a Layer 2 LAN switch is to evangelize Ethernet frames to host devices on the local network. The switch records host MAC addresses that are visible on the network, and maps those MAC addresses to its own Ethernet switch ports. This procedure is called building the MAC address table. When a switch receives a frame from a PC, it examines the frame's source and destination MAC addresses. The source MAC address

is recorded and mapped to the switch port from which it arrived. Then the destination MAC accost is looked up in the MAC accost tabular array. If the destination MAC address is a known address, and so the frame is forwarded out of the corresponding switch port of the MAC address. If the MAC accost is unknown, and then the frame is broadcast out of all switch ports, except the one from which it came. It is important to find and empathize the function of a switch and how it delivers information on the network. The mode a switch operates has implications for network administrators whose task it is to ensure secure and consequent network communication. Switches are used to interconnect and deliver information to computers on local area networks. Switches deliver Ethernet frames to host devices identified by network interface carte du jour MAC addresses. In Part 1, you will build a multi-switch and router topology with a trunk linking the ii switches. In Function ii, you volition ping various devices and observe how the two switches build their MAC accost tables. Note: The routers used with CCNA hands-on labs are Cisco 1941 Integrated Services Routers (ISRs) with Cisco IOS Release 15.2(4)M3 (universalk9 image). The switches used are Cisco Catalyst 2960s with Cisco IOS Release 15.0(2) (lanbasek9 epitome). Other routers, switches and Cisco IOS versions can be used. Depending on the model and Cisco IOS version, the commands bachelor and output produced might vary from what is shown in the labs. Refer to the Router Interface Summary Tabular array at the end of this lab for the correct interface identifiers. Note: Make sure that the routers and switches have been erased and take no startup configurations. If you are unsure contact your teacher.

Required Resources ane Router (Cisco 1941 with Cisco IOS Release xv.2(4)M3 universal image or comparable) 2 Switches (Cisco 2960 with Cisco IOS Release 15.0(2) lanbasek9 image or comparable) 2 PCs (Windows 7, Vista, or XP with concluding emulation program, such as Tera Term) Panel cables to configure the Cisco IOS devices via the console ports Ethernet cables every bit shown in the topology Notation: The Fast Ethernet interfaces on Cisco 2960 switches are autosensing and an Ethernet straight-through cable may be used betwixt switches S1 and S2. If using some other model Cisco switch, it may be necessary to use an Ethernet crossover cable.

Office 1: Build and Configure the Network

Step 1: Cable the network according to the topology.

Step 2: Configure PC hosts.

Pace 3: Initialize and reload the routers and switches as necessary.

Pace 4: Configure bones settings for each switch. a. Configure device name equally shown in the topology. b. Configure IP accost and default gateway every bit listed in Addressing Table. c. Assign cisco every bit the console and vty passwords. d. Assign form as the privileged EXEC password.

Pace v: Configure basic settings for the router. a. Disable DNS lookup. b. Configure IP address for the router as listed in Addressing Table. c. Configure device proper name every bit shown in the topology. d. Assign cisco as the console and vty passwords. east. Assign grade as the privileged EXEC password.

Part 2: Examine the Switch MAC Address Tabular array A switch learns MAC addresses and builds the MAC address tabular array, as network devices initiate communication on the network.

Footstep 1: Record network device MAC addresses. a. Open a control prompt on PC-A and PC-B and type ipconfig /all. What are the Ethernet adapter concrete addresses? PC-A MAC Address: PC-B MAC Address: b. Console into router R1 and type the show interface G0/1 command. What is the hardware accost? R1 Gigabit Ethernet 0/1 MAC Accost: c. Panel into switch S1 and S2 and blazon the prove interface F0/i control on each switch. On the second line of command output, what is the hardware addresses (or burned-in accost [bia])? S1 Fast Ethernet 0/1 MAC Address: S2 Fast Ethernet 0/1 MAC Accost:

Step 2: Display the switch MAC address table. Panel into switch S2 and view the MAC accost tabular array, both before and subsequently running network communication tests with ping. a. Constitute a console connexion to S2 and enter privileged EXEC manner. b. In privileged EXEC manner, type the bear witness mac address-table control and press Enter. S2# show mac address-table Fifty-fifty though at that place has been no network communication initiated across the network (i.e., no use of ping), it is possible that the switch has learned MAC addresses from its connection to the PC and the other switch. Are at that place any MAC addresses recorded in the MAC accost table?

What MAC addresses are recorded in the table? To which switch ports are they mapped and to which devices practise they belong? Ignore MAC addresses that are mapped to the CPU.

If you had not previously recorded MAC addresses of network devices in Step 1, how could you tell which devices the MAC addresses belong to, using only the output from the testify mac address-table command? Does it work in all scenarios?

Step 3: Clear the S2 MAC address table and display the MAC address table again. a. In privileged EXEC mode, blazon the clear mac address-table dynamic command and printing Enter. S2# articulate mac accost-table dynamic b. Quickly type the testify mac address-table command once more. Does the MAC address table take any addresses in it for VLAN ane? Are there other MAC addresses listed?

Wait ten seconds, type the testify mac address-table command, and press Enter. Are there new addresses in the MAC accost tabular array?

Footstep 4: From PC-B, ping the devices on the network and observe the switch MAC accost table. a. From PC-B, open up a command prompt and blazon arp -a. Not including multicast or broadcast addresses, how many device IP-to-MAC address pairs have been learned past ARP?

b. From the PC-B command prompt, ping the router/gateway R1, PC-A, S1, and S2. Did all devices have successful replies? If not, check your cabling and IP configurations.

c. From a console connection to S2, enter the testify mac address-tabular array command. Has the switch added additional MAC addresses to the MAC address table? If so, which addresses and devices?

From PC-B, open a control prompt and retype arp -a. Does the PC-B ARP cache have additional entries for all network devices that were sent pings?

Reflection On Ethernet networks, data is delivered to devices by their MAC addresses. For this to happen, switches and PCs dynamically build ARP caches and MAC address tables. With only a few computers on the network this process seems fairly like shooting fish in a barrel. What might exist some of the challenges on larger networks?

Router Interface Summary Tabular array

Router Interface Summary

Router Model Ethernet Interface #one Ethernet Interface #two Serial Interface #i Serial Interface #ii

1800 Fast Ethernet 0/0 Fast Ethernet 0/1 Series 0/0/0 (S0/0/0) Serial 0/0/i (S0/0/one) (F0/0) (F0/1) 1900 Gigabit Ethernet 0/0 Gigabit Ethernet 0/1 Serial 0/0/0 (S0/0/0) Serial 0/0/1 (S0/0/ane) (G0/0) (G0/1) 2801 Fast Ethernet 0/0 Fast Ethernet 0/ane Series 0/1/0 (S0/1/0) Serial 0/i/1 (S0/1/1) (F0/0) (F0/ane) 2811 Fast Ethernet 0/0 Fast Ethernet 0/1 Series 0/0/0 (S0/0/0) Serial 0/0/ane (S0/0/ane) (F0/0) (F0/ane) 2900 Gigabit Ethernet 0/0 Gigabit Ethernet 0/one Serial 0/0/0 (S0/0/0) Serial 0/0/ane (S0/0/1) (G0/0) (G0/one) Note: To find out how the router is configured, look at the interfaces to identify the type of router and how many interfaces the router has. There is no way to effectively list all the combinations of configurations for each router class. This table includes identifiers for the possible combinations of Ethernet and Serial interfaces in the device. The table does not include any other blazon of interface, fifty-fifty though a specific router may comprise one. An instance of this might be an ISDN BRI interface. The string in parenthesis is the legal abridgement that tin be used in Cisco IOS commands to represent the interface.

Package Tracer - Investigate Unicast, Broadcasst, and Multicast Traffic

Topology

Objectives Part i: Generate Unicast Traffic Part 2: Generate Broadcast Traffic Office 3: Investigate Multicast Traffic

Background/Scenario

This activity will examine unicast, broadcast, and multicast behavior. Most traffic in a network is unicast. When a PC sends an ICMP echo asking to a remote router, the source address in the IP packet header iss the IP address of the sending PC. The destination address in the IP packet header is the IP address of the interface on the remote router. The packet is sent merely to the intended destination. Using the ping command or the Add Complex PDU feature of Packet Tracer, you can straight ping broadcast addresses to view broadcast traffic. For multicast traffic, you will view EIGRP traffic. EIGRP is used by Cisco routers to commutation routing information betwixt routers. Routers using EIGRP ship packets to multicast address 224.0.0.10, which represents the group of EIGRP routers. Although these packets are received by other devices, they are dropped at Layer 3 by all devices except EIGRP routers, with no other processing required.

Part ane: Generate Unicast Traffic

Step one: Use ping to generate traffic. a. Click PC1 and click the Desktop tab > Control Prompt. b. Enter the ping ten.0.3.2 command. The ping should succeed.

Step ii: Enter Simulation mode. a. Click the Simulation tab to enter Simulation fashion. b. Click Edit Filters and verify that only ICMP and EIGRP events are selected.

c. Click PC1 and enter the ping ten.0.3.2 command.

Footstep 3: Examine unicast traffic. The PDU at PC1 is an ICMP echo request intended for the series interface on Router3. a. Click Capture/Frontwards repeatedly and spotter while the echo request is sent to Router3 and the echo reply is sent back to PC1. Stop when the first echo reply reaches PC1. Which devices did the packet travel through with the unicast transmission?

b. In the Simulation Panel Event List section, the last column contains a colored box that provides admission to detailed information nigh an event. Click the colored box in the last cavalcade for the first event. The PDU Information window opens. What layer does this transmission starting time at and why?

c. Examine the Layer iii information for all of the events. Notice that both the source and destination IP addresses are unicast addresses that refer to PC1 and the series interface on Router3. What ii changes have place at Layer 3 when the packet arrives at Router3?

d. Click Reset Simulation.

Part two: Generate Broadcast Traffic

Step 1: Add a complex PDU. a. Click Add together Circuitous PDU. The icon for this is in the correct toolbar and shows an open envelope. b. Float the mouse cursor over the topology and the arrow changes to an envelope with a plus (+) sign. c. Click PC1 to serve as the source for this test message and the Create Complex PDU dialog window opens. Enter the following values: Destination IP Address: 255.255.255.255 (circulate address) Sequence Number: 1 One Shot Time: 0 Within the PDU settings, the default for Select Application: is PING. What are at least iii other applications available for employ?

d. Click Create PDU. This examination broadcast packet now appears in the Simulation Panel Result List. Information technology also appears in the PDU List window. Information technology is the first PDU for Scenario 0. e. Click Capture/Forward twice. This packet is sent to the switch and then broadcasted to PC2, PC3, and Router1. Examine the Layer 3 information for all of the events. Detect that the destination IP accost is 255.255.255.255, which is the IP circulate accost you lot configured when you created the complex PDU. Analyzing the OSI Model information, what changes occur in the Layer three information of the Out Layers column at Router1, PC2, and PC3?

f. Click Capture/Forward once more. Does the broadcast PDU ever forward on to Router2 or Router3? Why?

g. Later you are done examining the broadcast behavior, delete the test bundle past clicking Delete below Scenario 0.

Office 3: Investigate Multicast Traffic

Step 1: Examine the traffic generated by routing protocols. a. Click Capture/Forward. EIGRP packets are at Router1 waiting to be multicast out of each interface. b. Examine the contents of these packets by opening the PDU Information window and click Capture/Forrad again. The packets are sent to the ii other routers and the switch. The routers accept and procedure the packets, because they are part of the multicast grouping. The switch will forward the packets to the PCs. c. Click Capture/Forward until yous see the EIGRP parcel arrive at the PCs. What do the hosts practise with the packets?

Examine the Layer 3 and Layer 4 information for all of the EIGRP events. What is the destination accost of each of the packets?

d. Click one of the packets delivered to 1 of the PCs. What happens to those packets?

Based on the traffic generated by the three types of IP packets, what are the major differences in delivery?

Suggested Scoring Rubric

Question Possible Earned Activity Section Location Points Points

Footstep 3a 10

Office 1: Unicast Traffic Stride 3b ten

Step 3c x

Part 1 Total 30 Stride 1c 10

Part 2: Broadcast traffic Step 1e 10

Step 1f 10

Part ii Total 30 Step 1c,q1 ten

Step 1c, q2 10 Office 3: Multicast traffic Step 1d, q1 x Step 1d, q2 ten Office 3 Total 40 Total Score 100

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Source: https://docslib.org/doc/278780/p-packet-t-tracer

Click Capture forward Again Does the Broadcast Pdu Ever Forward on to Router2 or Router3 Why

P Package T Tracer

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